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1. What is a Solar Photovoltaic System?
A. Solar Photovoltaic (S.P.V.) system converts Sun’s light energy to usable electrical energy, to run any electrical appliances/equipments like Lights, Fans, T.V. Computer, Water Pump, Refrigerators, Street lights, Garden lights, Traffic signals, Road studs etc.
2. What does a S.P.V. system consist of?
A. S.P.V. consists of a Photovoltaic panel, a charge controller, storage battery and an inverter.
3. What does a P.V. Panel do?
A. P.V. Panel converts light energy from sun to a DC electrical output.
4. What are the normal panel ratings?
A. Normally 6 Volts and 12 Volts with 10, 18, 37, 72, etc. Volts peak capacity. Other capacities can be assembled by using the above panels series and parallels.
5. Why do you require a storage battery in SPV System?
In case of night usage or no-Sundays usage, we need to store the electric energy in a storage battery.
6. What does a charge controller do?
The solar charge controller optimizes solar charging and prevents battery over charge and deep discharge.
7. Why do we require an inventor?
The D.C. current received from the P.V. Panel is converted to usable A.C. current by the inverter, to run A.C. current applications.
8. What is the difference between Solar Storage Battery and a Car Battery?
Car batteries are not suitable for solar systems. Solar batteries are designed for repeated cycling, like partial discharge of the battery and recharging to full during day time.
9. Do we need special cabling for a solar PV system?
Thicker cables are required to minimize voltage loss. In case of DC output solar system, we need to have a separate wiring.
10. What is a Solar Power Pack?
Solar PV Panel converts light energy to electrical energy. This is stored in the storage batteries. The power pack inverter then converts the DC power stored in the battery into AC power 230 Volts output, which can be used to operate all standard electrical appliances.
11. Can Solar Power Pack be charged by AC mains also?
Anu Solar Power Pack has got three options of charging –
a) Solar mode – Charging through only PV module – needs more PV modules.
b) AC mode – Charging through only AC mains – just work like UPS.
c) Auto mode – In this mode, during day time, charging will be from solar module and any shortfall in charging will be made up through AC mains – this will help you to reduce initial investment in more numbers solar panels.
12. Is the Solar Power Pack easy to install?
Yes, it is. The solar power pack is designed for easy installation and use. A qualified technician can follow the operation manual, provided along with the system and please note that, ANU service department & technicitions are always ready to assist you in this matter.
13. What are the capacities of Power Pack available?
Capacities are available in Multiples of 250 VA only. Special designs can be supplied on request.
14. How can I Calculate system requirements?
For doing this calculations, we need to assess your days peak power usage (for finding at the KVA of the inverter) and total days energy consumption. (for calculating PV module capacity & battery storage capacity) You may please refer the calculations sheet attached, for details.
15. How many hours any solar lighting system can work?
This depends on the storage battery capacity and the PV module rating. It can be extended to any number of hours, by adding more numbers of PV modules of battery etc.
16. Can I expand my solar PV system at a later date?
Definitely yes, by addition of storage batteries, P.V. modules etc.
17. How does solar street light / garden light work?
The PV module charges the battery during day time. A specially designed electronic dusk dawn switch cum charge controller will switch on the luminary during night time and will automatically switch off during day time.
18. How does a Solar Pump work?
Solar pump works mainly on DC source. During sunshine, the pump motor gets electrical energy from the PV module. Hence the pump works during sunshine only. Special design pumps are available with AC input and night time operation. Here, we need to use Power Packs to support the operation.
19. What are the Normal capacities of Solar Water pump?
Normal Solar Pumps are designed to lift water from Wells up to 200 feet depth and delivery of the pump is varies from 15,000 L per day to 75,000 L per day. Special designs are available on request.
How to calculate my system requirements?
Option A: - If you know the monthly electricity consumption (in Units – Kwhr) and the peak load requirement of a day.
| E.g.: If total consumption per month |
= |
180 units |
| Consumption per day |
= |
180/30 |
|
= |
6 units |
| Net power generation required |
= |
6 units |
|
= |
6000 Watt Hour |
| Approximate power generation losses with good inverter
(12 / 24 V DC to 230 V AC or high frequency CFL output) |
= |
40% |
| Minimum Required Gross Power Generation |
= |
6000 + 6000 X 40% |
|
= |
8400 Watt Hour |
| Panel requirement: |
= |
|
| Suns insolation factor in India for calculating SPV rating |
= |
6 |
| Solar P. V. (Photo Voltaic) Panel Requirement (Total Watt Hour requirement / Insolation Factor) |
= |
8400 ÷ 6
1400 watts peak |
| (Normal SPV Panels are available in 10 W, 18 W, 37 W and 74 W) |
| Number of Panels required (panels of 74 watts) |
= |
1400/74 |
|
= |
18.9 |
|
= |
19 Panels |
| (Or for Panels of 37 Watts) |
= |
(1400/37) |
|
= |
(37.8) |
|
= |
(38) |
| Since bigger panels are cost effective, we opt for 74 W Panels 19 Numbers. |
| Battery requirement: |
= |
|
| Assume the normal autonomy of the system, minimum 1 day Total Watt requirement of the system.(Multiply with 2 for getting 1 day no sun autonomy) |
= |
8400 watts X 2
16,800 watts Hour |
| Minimum safety factor of the Battery |
= |
30% |
| Total power requirement in the battery |
= |
16,800+16,800 X 30% |
|
= |
21,480 watts Hour |
| Batteries are available in Ampere Hour rating with voltage rating of 6V or 12 V DC. For converting watt Hour into Ampere Hour (Ah), divide by the battery voltage rating |
| Battery Ampere hours required |
= |
21,840 ÷ 12 |
|
= |
1820 Ah |
| Normally batteries are available in Ah range of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 200. For better economy, select 100Ah battery. |
| Number of batteries required |
= |
1820 Ah ÷ 100 Ah |
|
= |
18.2 |
|
= |
18 Batteries |
| Inverter Selection: |
= |
|
| For every 1000 Watts, 1.5KVA inverter is required. A normal house peak load will be 2000 to 2500 watts only |
If the customer is providing appliances details please calculate Day’s requirement and Peak requirement for the day.
| E.g.: |
| a) |
4 Tube lights for 4 hours |
= 4 nos. X 40 watts X 4 hours |
= 840 watts |
| b) |
2 CFL lamps for 4 hours |
= 4 nos. X 15 watts X 4 hours |
= 240 watts |
| c) |
1 Fan for 8 hours |
= 1 no. X 60 watts X 8 hours |
= 480 watts |
| d) |
2 Fans for 4 hours |
= 2 nos. X 60 watts X 4 hours |
= 480 watts |
| e) |
1 Refrigerator for 24 hours |
= 1 no. X 600 watts X 24 hours X 20% |
= 2880 watts |
| (If operated carefully, a good refrigerator motor will be on for only 20% of the time) |
| f) |
1 T.V for 6 hours |
= 1 no. X 60 watts X 6 hours |
= 360 watts |
| g) |
1 Mixie for 10 minutes |
= 1 no. X 750 Watts X 10/60 hours |
= 125 watts |
| h) |
1Washing machine for ½ hour |
= 1 no. X 750 watts X1/2 hour |
= 375 watts |
| i) |
1 water pump for ½ hour |
= 1 no. X 375 watts X ½ hour |
= 188 watts |
|
Total Day’s consumption |
= a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i |
=5888 watts |
|
|
Or |
= 5.88 units |
|
Total month’s consumption |
= 5.88 X 30 days |
= 176.66 units |
|
|
Or |
= 180 units |
|
Peak load for the Day |
|
|
|
refrigerator +3 Fans +4 Tube lights +1 TV |
|
|
|
|
= 600+180+160+60 |
= 1000 Watts |
| (For every 1000 Watts, 1.5KVA inverter is recommended) |
|
|
Hence the Inverter requirement |
= 1.5 KVA |
Note:-
- This is for the exclusive use of employees or dealers of Anu Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. only.
- These calculations are for reference purpose only.
- We do not take responsibility for any damages or mishaps occurring from using these calculations by any unauthorized personnel.
Produced by:
ANU SOLAR POWER PRIVATE LIMITED
Marketing Division
Copying, quoting or reproduction of any part of this is not permitted without the explicit approval by ANU SOLAR POWER PRIVATE LIMITED.
Important information to be collected from a prospective customer:
Solar Photo Voltaic Systems
-
Solar Lantern
a. Wattage of the Luminary – 5w / 7w / 9w
b. Wattage and voltage of the Panel – 6V-5Wp / 12V-10Wp / 6V-3Wp
Please Note that No. of hours of light operation will be standard as per the model.
- i. 5w: 2-3 hrs
- ii. 7w: 4-5 hrs
- iii. 9w: 3-4 hrs
(Depending upon sun insolation and pattern of usage this may vary)
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Solar Street Lighting System
a. Total length of the street or road to be illuminated in meters.
b. No. of hours of street Light operation required.
c. Whether pole is required or not – maximum height possible is 5 m.
-
Solar Home Lighting System and Power Pack
a. No. of units consumed per day or per month. (this can be collected from regular electricity bill)
b. Details of electrical appliances installed or used by the customer.
c. Maximum load expected at any given point of the day (peak consumption load)
d. Space available for installing solar panels, batteries, etc.
-
Solar Water Pumping System
a. Depth of the well / pond or any other water source.
b. Quantity of water to be pumped daily.
c. Whether both day and night pumping required.
d. Open shade free area available for assembling panels.
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